The development of Islam in Indonesia has been an interesting topic through ages. One of the Indonesian Islamic discussion courses, at least at a glance, there are three steps of Islamic da’wah development in Indonesia. First, is the seeding phase. Islam has been introduced and been existing in Indonesia since the first century of Hijriyya (7th and 8th century A.D.). But it was just “stopping over for a while and was just introduced” by the merchants.
The Islamization progress in Indonesia was very open and equal because of the trading route. It
was certainly different from the Islamization spread through military force expansion. The next three and four century later, the merchants started
creating settled communities along with its institution. These communities
could even personify a powerful political strength towards the 13rd century.
The existence of Moslem political strength demonstrated
the peak and result from this first phase of trading. Consequently, it opened the way of the spread of Islam significantly.
Second, development and stabilization phase. Towards the first of 13th century,
Moslems paid more attention to the spread of Islam activities along with the
increasing numbers of religious teachers and ulama’, who was widely
known as mollah, makhdum, mawlana, sheikh, and another local titles like, sunan, wali, ketib, dato’, or kyai as a professional title who spreads Islam.
In these centuries, the sufis came up
and taught Islam throughout sufism. The glory and stabilization of this sufism da’wa approach located amid the 15th century until 16th through Wali
Sanga – the Nine Saints – role. Tasawuf , or Sufism, had been a main factor of developing and stabilizing
Islamic da’wa progress.
Although it wasn’t appropriate with Arabic
culture and practice where Islam was born at the beginning, through tasawuf,
Wali Songo preached and teached Islam by seeking the similarities and substances
between Islamic values and local community cultures without denying and
changing the practices and cultures which had existed before. Through creative intermediary of local culture filled with
Islamic values, Wali Sanga smoothly taught the community about Islam and they had imperceptibly
embraced Islam.
This Wali Sanga da’wa method has often
been misunderstood and misred by Muslim preachers in recent time who are more
concerned with formalistic approach. Under Wali Sanga point of view, as long as
local people has comitted essentially the Islamic values about the oneness of
God and prophecy of prophet Muhammad, they are already considered as Moslem
even though they have not practices any of Islamic rituals yet, and still perform a traditions of their ancestor.
Recent method of da’wa is the opposite. It sees person’s Islamic
identity merely from the formal aspect and surface of Indonesian cultures and
traditions without noticing a deeper aspect and Islam essential values. The
arising consequence of this formalistic perspective is that a person has
considered already as Moslem just when he gets closer and does similiar
traditions close to Arabic community cultures, although he
essentially has not admitted yet the core values of Islam.
And for those who has already comitted the
essential and core values of Islam about the oneness of God and prophecy of
prophet Muhammad yet still perform a local traditions and cultures, then they
have not been considered as “embracing Islam” since they are not appropriate
with the “the purest Islam” standard which is identified as “Islam as it was in Arab”.
From such
explanation, we may conclude that the da’wa in Indonesia must be having applicable
methods. Those are, first, contextual and tolerance. Contextual
is a method of da’wa that required understanding of place and time, so
that it can be easily embrace many communities. Tolerance is having a
self awareness for differences. And ability to resuscitate that even if the
understanding is different but still sympathetic and respecting each other.
Second, appreciating tradition. Meaning that they should not hostile the
tradition and culture. They precisely utilize the tradition and culture to
revive Islamic values, because Islamic values need framework that is close to one’s life who embraces.
The last, is setting free. As a da’wa
activity, Islam should set it self as a solutive teachings that can answer
any problems of humanity universally, rather than narrowing a point of view and
a way of thinking. Islam is about humanizing humans for the sake of their own good.
Translated from the original article: https://islami.co/membandingkan-metode-dakwah-wali-songo-dengan-ustadz-ustadz-medsos-yang-viral/, by Abdus Salam on 27 December 2017